Disaster-Preparedness

Research

These are notes and observations from research.

Earthquake

Waves produced by an earthquake.

How to measure earthquakes accurately.

• occur due to movement in tectonic plates
• only seconds of notice, 5-10 seconds
• [p waves] are much faster than [s waves] and the actual waves that cause the earthquake.
  • earthquakes travel at about the same speed as data networks
• can be measured by motion (on surface or underground) and pressure (underground)
  • downside of underground monitoring is 1) power and 2) transmission
    • can use repeaters or solar power to solve these issues
  • advantage of being underground is distance from noise (such as animals and humans) and being closer to the source of the earthquake
  • being attached to rock is good

Resources

[introduction]

[wave types]

Tsunami

Possible methods to predict and measure tsunamis.

• in the deep sea pressure sensors are used to measure the relatively small sea-level change (in centimeters)
• nearer to shore, where waves start to form, altitude could be measured by buoy
• travel at hundreds of miles per hour
• tsunami headquarters in Hawaii
• notification could be minutes to hours in advance depending on distance from source of tsunami
• height/speed of wave reduces with distance