Difference between revisions of "HIP::Keck"

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= Trip To Springwood =
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= Calibration Notes =
 
= Calibration Notes =
  
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* Conductivity - solution available
 
* Conductivity - solution available
  
−
First Pass
+
Sensors in the 600R
−
* pH 10.0: 10.32, 10.41
+
* Time
−
* pH 4.0: 5.00, 5.05
+
* Temperature
−
* pH  7.0: 8.03
+
* Conductivity
 +
* Dissolved Oxygen
 +
* pH
 +
* Oxygen Reduction Potential
  
−
* cond High (12880 Us/cm): 0.00
+
Parameters available in the 600R
−
* cond Mid  (1413 Us/cm) :
+
* SpCond mS/cm - English explanation
−
* cond Low  (150 Us/cm)  : 0.000
+
* ...
−
 
 
−
How often?  Same for each sensor? 
 
  
 
Simple instructions and pictures documenting the process:
 
Simple instructions and pictures documenting the process:
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Type "menu" and it will give you a list of options.  
 
Type "menu" and it will give you a list of options.  
  
−
Press 7 to get into the sensor menu. Make sure all of them are enabled.
+
Press 7 to get into the sensor menu. Make sure all of them are enabled. You can enable them simply by typing the corresponding number of the sensor you wish to enable. The
 +
table should look something like this after your'e done:
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 +
|+ Sensors Enabled
 +
|-
 +
|1-(*)Time
 +
|4-(*)Dissolved Oxy
 +
|-
 +
|2-(*)Temperature
 +
|5-(*)ISE1 pH
 +
|-
 +
|3-(*)Conductivity
 +
|6-(*)ISE2 Orp
 +
|}
  
 
Next, head into the report menu (6). Make sure that the temp, cond (mS/cm),  
 
Next, head into the report menu (6). Make sure that the temp, cond (mS/cm),  
−
DOsat %, DO mg/L, pH and Orp mV options are filled in. These are options 3, 5, 9, A, C and E
+
DOsat %, DO mg/L, pH and Orp mV options are filled in. Once again, it should
 +
look like this:
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 +
|+ Report Setup
 +
|-
 +
|1-( )Date
 +
|8-( )Sal ppt
 +
|-
 +
|2-( )Time hh:mm:ss
 +
|9-(*)DOsat %
 +
|-
 +
|3-(*)Temp C
 +
|A-(*)DO mg/L
 +
|-
 +
|4-( )SpCond
 +
|B-( )DOchrg
 +
|-
 +
|5-(*)Cond mS/cm
 +
|C-(*)pH
 +
|-
 +
|6-( )Resist
 +
|D-( )pH mV
 +
|-
 +
|7-( )TDS
 +
|E-(*)Orp mV
 +
|}         
  
 
After you're done with that, type 2 to get to the calibration menu. Type the  
 
After you're done with that, type 2 to get to the calibration menu. Type the  
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sonde with distilled water and wipe it down each time before you submerge it
 
sonde with distilled water and wipe it down each time before you submerge it
 
in a new solution in order to avoid contamination.
 
in a new solution in order to avoid contamination.
 +
 +
Also note that the vent hole needs to be covered for ALL Calibrations. The YSI manual mentions this once at the beginning of the calibration section, and doesn't remind you of it in any of the subsections, so it's easy to miss.
  
  
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Wait for the readings to stabilize, then press enter twice.
 
Wait for the readings to stabilize, then press enter twice.
−
 
−
Note that readings are more accurate when the substance is calibrated in a solution near that conductivity. For instance, calibrating in a 150 Us/cm solution will give a reading of 150 Us/cm, while a 12880 Us/cm solution will give a reading of 9800 Us/cm with the same calibration, and calibrating in a 12880 Us/cm solution will give a reading of 13000 Us/cm, whereas a 150 Us/cm solution will read 260 or 380 Us/cm with the same calibration.
 
  
  
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Option 2 is Dissolved Oxygen. This will present you with two options. Either
 
Option 2 is Dissolved Oxygen. This will present you with two options. Either
 
Dissolved Oxygen Saturation Percentage, or Dissolved Oxygen in milligrams per
 
Dissolved Oxygen Saturation Percentage, or Dissolved Oxygen in milligrams per
−
litre.
+
liter.
  
 
There are two options for calibrating via percentage. Either find a solution
 
There are two options for calibrating via percentage. Either find a solution
−
completley saturated with oxygen, or to incompletley submerge the probe to
+
completley saturated with oxygen, or to incompletley submerge the probe and
−
get a 100% saturation.
+
allow the environment to become saturated with water. Either way, this should
 +
give you a oxygen saturation of 100%
  
 
Choosing saturation % will require you to enter the atmospheric pressure in
 
Choosing saturation % will require you to enter the atmospheric pressure in
−
mmHg (Millimeters of Mercury) you can get inHg (Inches) from your local
+
mmHg (Millimeters of Mercury) you can get inHg (Inches) from our local weather
−
forecast at weather.gov.
+
station at www.cs.earlham.edu
  
 
Apply the following formula: inHg x 25.4 = mmHg
 
Apply the following formula: inHg x 25.4 = mmHg
  
−
And make sure to correct for the current pressure with the following formula:
+
If you get it from a nonlocal weather station, you'll need to correct it. The
−
[True BP] = [Corrected BP] - (2.5*[Local Altitude above sea level]/100)
+
formula is as follows:
 +
True BP = [Corrected BP] - (2.5*[Local Altitude above sea level]/100)
  
−
BP must be measured in mmHg for the above formula to work correctly.
+
BP MUST be measured in mmHg for the above formula to work correctly.
  
−
Currently, this isn't working correctly, despite numerous attempts with varying
+
Alternately, choosing mg/L will ask you what the current mg/L concentration is
−
methods.
+
in the solution. This will vary depending on temperature and atmospheric
 +
pressure. You can find a table of the appropriate values at:
 +
 
 +
When polling for the dissolved oxygen data, the ./man_poll script will currentlygive an incorrect reading, as it takes several pollings of the sensor to start
 +
giving correct readings. Simply minicom into the probe and type menu 1 1 1,
 +
this will start running a discreet sampling. After about 4 or 5 readings, the
 +
probe will start giving you the correct values.
 +
 
 +
[[Problems with Calibrating Dissolved Oxygen]]
  
  
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I found that calibrating for pH 7 -> 10 -> 4 will yield acceptable results.
 
I found that calibrating for pH 7 -> 10 -> 4 will yield acceptable results.
−
 
−
Note that if the pH is expected to be within a certain range, a 2-point calibration is preferable. If a lake has a pH range of 4-7, calibrating with a pH 10 solution will have no effect.
 
  
  
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* [[http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/news/news_releases/release.sfe?id=338 Jacobs School to Expand 'Teams in Engineering Service' Program]]
 
* [[http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/news/news_releases/release.sfe?id=338 Jacobs School to Expand 'Teams in Engineering Service' Program]]
 
* [[http://ties.ucsd.edu/projects/env_mon/projinfo.html Environmental Monitoring]]
 
* [[http://ties.ucsd.edu/projects/env_mon/projinfo.html Environmental Monitoring]]
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
You forgot to uncomment the crontab, didn't you? That's OK. It's not too late to go back and do it.

Latest revision as of 13:06, 15 October 2008

Trip To Springwood

Calibration Notes

  • Temperature - 0C, 20C, 40C, digital thermometer for comparison.
  • pH
    • Test what's at Springwood Lake now, bring a water sample back to Mike.
    • Use a standard ph 7 solution test the probe. Using the expected range check the high and low.
  • Oxygen Reduction - TBD.
  • Dissolved Oxygen - solutions with 0% and 100% dissolved oxygen.
  • Conductivity - solution available

Sensors in the 600R

  • Time
  • Temperature
  • Conductivity
  • Dissolved Oxygen
  • pH
  • Oxygen Reduction Potential

Parameters available in the 600R

  • SpCond mS/cm - English explanation
  • ...

Simple instructions and pictures documenting the process:

~~Starting

Before doing anything, you'll have to SSH into pmp3. Make sure to SSH into pmp3 as root.

Next, you want to go to the cron directory and comment out the first line of crontab using vi. This will prevent any scripts from running while you're trying to calibrate the sensor.

Start up minicom, this will get you directly into the sonde unit.

Type "menu" and it will give you a list of options.

Press 7 to get into the sensor menu. Make sure all of them are enabled. You can enable them simply by typing the corresponding number of the sensor you wish to enable. The table should look something like this after your'e done:

Sensors Enabled
1-(*)Time 4-(*)Dissolved Oxy
2-(*)Temperature 5-(*)ISE1 pH
3-(*)Conductivity 6-(*)ISE2 Orp

Next, head into the report menu (6). Make sure that the temp, cond (mS/cm), DOsat %, DO mg/L, pH and Orp mV options are filled in. Once again, it should look like this:

Report Setup
1-( )Date 8-( )Sal ppt
2-( )Time hh:mm:ss 9-(*)DOsat %
3-(*)Temp C A-(*)DO mg/L
4-( )SpCond B-( )DOchrg
5-(*)Cond mS/cm C-(*)pH
6-( )Resist D-( )pH mV
7-( )TDS E-(*)Orp mV

After you're done with that, type 2 to get to the calibration menu. Type the corresponding number of what you want to calibrate.

Note that the sonde will go into a sleep mode after short period of time. You may need to type the number twice. Additionally, make sure to rinse the sonde with distilled water and wipe it down each time before you submerge it in a new solution in order to avoid contamination.

Also note that the vent hole needs to be covered for ALL Calibrations. The YSI manual mentions this once at the beginning of the calibration section, and doesn't remind you of it in any of the subsections, so it's easy to miss.


~~Conductivity

Option 1 is conductivity. This will bring up a menu asking you if you want to calibrate for a specific conductivity, conductivity or salinity. It is reccommended that you calibrate for specific conductivity. This will automatically calibrate the other two options.

Note the unit measurements of your solution, the sonde measures in millisiemens/centimeter, so unit conversion may be required.

After choosing specific conductivity, you will be asked to input the conductivity of your solution. Make sure that the probe is submerged in the solution, then input the correct conductivity and press enter.

Wait for the readings to stabilize, then press enter twice.


~~Dissolved Oxygen

Option 2 is Dissolved Oxygen. This will present you with two options. Either Dissolved Oxygen Saturation Percentage, or Dissolved Oxygen in milligrams per liter.

There are two options for calibrating via percentage. Either find a solution completley saturated with oxygen, or to incompletley submerge the probe and allow the environment to become saturated with water. Either way, this should give you a oxygen saturation of 100%

Choosing saturation % will require you to enter the atmospheric pressure in mmHg (Millimeters of Mercury) you can get inHg (Inches) from our local weather station at www.cs.earlham.edu

Apply the following formula: inHg x 25.4 = mmHg

If you get it from a nonlocal weather station, you'll need to correct it. The formula is as follows: True BP = [Corrected BP] - (2.5*[Local Altitude above sea level]/100)

BP MUST be measured in mmHg for the above formula to work correctly.

Alternately, choosing mg/L will ask you what the current mg/L concentration is in the solution. This will vary depending on temperature and atmospheric pressure. You can find a table of the appropriate values at:

When polling for the dissolved oxygen data, the ./man_poll script will currentlygive an incorrect reading, as it takes several pollings of the sensor to start giving correct readings. Simply minicom into the probe and type menu 1 1 1, this will start running a discreet sampling. After about 4 or 5 readings, the probe will start giving you the correct values.

Problems with Calibrating Dissolved Oxygen


~~pH

Option 3 is pH, This will bring you to a menu prompting for 1-point, 2-point or 3-point calibration. You will need a number of solutions corresponding to the number of points you wish to calibrate for.

Choose the point option that you wish to calibrate. Submerge the sonde in a solution, then input the pH of the solution, wait for the readings to stabilize and press enter twice, repeat as required.

I found that calibrating for pH 7 -> 10 -> 4 will yield acceptable results.


~~Orp

Option 4 is Orp, or Oxygen Reduction Potential.

Surprisingly simple. Simply input the expected ORP when asked, make sure that the probe is submerged in the solution, and wait for it to give you your results.

Wait for the results to stabilize and then press enter twice.

Yes, it's really that simple.

Note that you may not quite get the results that you were expecting. This is because of a high potential for corruption of ORP readings. Your sensor may be dirty, the temperature may be off, or there may be other problems. Refer to:

http://www.eutechinst.com/techtips/tech-tips18.htm

http://www.ysilifesciences.com/extranet/EPGKL.nsf/5992085488f9da9d85256a550047c2a2/5937664c59855b65852569e7005bfad8!OpenDocument

For some useful notes about ORP / ORP Calibration.


~~Testing Calibration And Finishing Up

After you finish calibration, exit the sonde unit. Failure to do so will result in a need to reboot the board before performing any more calibrations.

Simply press 0 until it prompts you to exit. After you exit the menu, exit minicom. Change directories to the script folder, then run the script man_poll [OPTION].

Don't forget to go back and uncomment the crontab when you're done.

~~

Solutions, Mike has ordered enough of each of the ones we need. Enumerate them here.

Questions for Mike

  • types of errors? Slope and something else?
  • pH calibration, 1, 2, or 3 point?

To connect to Sonde directly:

  • ssh or telnet to pmp, log in as root
  • minicom # the port, speed, etc. are stored in a config file
  • menu

infobomb

Infobomb.jpg

Possible Commercial Product

http://store.pasco.com/pascostore/showdetl.cfm?DID=9&Detail=1&Product_ID=54417

Well Types

Stilling Well

http://nd.water.usgs.gov/gage/images/shedweb.jpg

  • A vertical pipe with a relatively small opening (intake) in the bottom. It is used in a gauge installation to dampen short period surface waves while freely admitting the long period waves; which can then be measured by a water level gauge sensor inside. See float well and protective well.
  • Used at gauging stations
  • YSI is local - Yellow Springs, OH
  • Pressure? Precise water level measurement technique. What locations?
  • Turbidity - [Hach] Nephelometers
    • Possibly build our own as cheaper alternative (fiber optics), engineering it ourselves.
  • Budgeted for 41 student weeks, or $4100 of supply money
  • Redox - Self cleaning? Not sure if it's worth it. Research it.
  • [Vernier Sensors]
  • Possible multi-variable sensors at around $1200, not sure if we can use them for this application.
  • Start work on calibration early in the summer with Corrine and her students.

Sensors

  • Determine required sensitivity and periodicity for each sensor.
  • Mike said that sensitivity should be secondary to ruggedness and cost because the sensitivity that we are looking for is not high and most sensors will meet our needs. Thus, our approach should be to find sensors that we think will work and then send him the specs for him to OK.
  • A selection of sensors from Hydrolab.

All-in-one Units, "Sondes"

  • Most use batteries as the primary power source.
  • Most have other features and sensors not listed in the matrix.
  • All have the SDI-12 interface, which allows power and data over the same line with power management
  • SDI-12 is not compatible with RS-232 because of voltage differences
  • There are no interface cards for SDI-12, but there are converters for SDI-12 to RS-232 such as this one for $275 and this other one for $387.
  • The user manual for all of the YSI series 6 sondes can be found here.
Sonde Matrix
Make Model Temp pH Redox (ORP) Cond Nitrate DO Sulfide Turbidity Specs Data Storage Power Interface Price
Individual Sensors y y y n y y n n USB $1265.00
Loose Sensors y y y y y y n y
YSI Hydrodata 600 R y y y y n y n n no spec sheet
YSI Hydrodata 600 XL y y y y n y n n pdf ?? External 12VDC RS232, SDI-12
YSI Hydrodata 600 XLM y y y y n y n n pdf 384K 4 AA batteries, external 12VDC RS232, SDI-12 $4460.25
YSI Hydrodata 6920 y y y y y y n y pdf 384K flash ROM Batteries, external 12VDC RS232, SDI-12 $6327.00
YSI Hydrodata 6820 y y y y y y n y pdf ?? Batteries, external 12VDC RS232, SDI-12
YSI Hydrodata 6600 y y y y y y y y pdf 384K 8 C batteries, external 12VDC RS232, SDI-12
Rickly Hydrological Company Datasonde 4A y y add-in y add-in y add-in add-in no spec sheet ?? Batteries RS232, SDI-12
Sutron 5600-0703 y y y y y y n y pdf ?? 4 or 8 AA batteries, 12VDC RS232, RS485, RS422, SDI-12
Campbell Scientific / Hach Environmental / Hydrolab DS5 ? y y y y y n y pdf 512 KB memory 8 C batteries RS 232, RS 485, SDI-12
Campbell Scientific / Hach Environmental / Hydrolab DS5X ? y y y y y n y pdf 512 KB memory 8 C batteries RS 232, RS 485, SDI-12
Campbell Scientific / Hach Environmental / Hydrolab MS5 ? y y y y y n y pdf 512 KB memory 8 AA batteries RS 232, RS 485, SDI-12

Water Temperature

  • Colin

RTP - Ruggedized Wide Range Temperature Probe

  • 9 or 12 bit resolution
  • 12 foot CAT 5 cable
  • Dallas Semiconductor DS18S20 or DS18B20 sensors
  • uses 1-Wire communication protocol

The RTP temperature probe is designed for wide temperature range applications requiring excellent chemical resistant properties and sensor submersion.

pH

  • Jeff

Redox Potential

  • Mikio

Conductivity

  • Maduna

Nitrate Levels (NO3?)

  • Bryan

Dissolved Oxygen

  • Jeff

Sulfide Concentrations

  • Colin

Turbidity

Jeff: Mike Deibel says that we could build a turbidity sensor using LEDs and fiber-optic cables without too much difficulty. He is willing to help with construction if necessary. However, we both agreed that finding an assembly that meets our need would probably be the first course of action.

Maduna: I did some research on how to design a turbidimeter and found the following:

Here is a summary of the possible equipment and designs we could use:

Batteries

Here are some different battery sizes that we may want to use:

Note: The battery lifetimes are calculated based on the assumption we will be sending data every hour.

Some Available Battery Sizes
Make Model Capacity (Ah) Voltage (V) Temp Range (F) Lifetime (days) Weight (lb) Dimensions Price ($)
MK ES12-12 12 12 5 to 104 1.96 9.39 -- --
Odyssey PC680 16 12 -40 to 144 2.61 -- -- --
Tempest TR24-12B 24 12 5 to 104 3.92 -- -- --
CSB GP12400 40 12 5 to 104 6.54 -- -- --

Enclosures

  • Heating and cooling.

Charge Controllers

  • None of the charge controllers in the amp range that we are interested in have a way to export battery level information.
  • Probably the best solution for knowing the battery level is to build a simple circut that will transform the 0-12 volt range of the battery into the 0-3.3 volt range of the analog IO of the board and use this voltage as a way of finding the battery charge level.
  • PWM = Pulse Width Modulation.
  • LVD = Low voltage disconnect.
  • Temperature compensation can be either integrated into the controller which assumes that the controller and the battery will be in the same box, or remote which allows for a temperature probe to be placed on a battery that is not with the controller.
  • The Phocos model in the matrix is the same as the one currently on the pmp1.
  • Here is a really good site for finding manufacturer information and product details for charge controllers and other solar stuff including panels.
Charge Controller Matrix
Make Model Specs Manual Voltage AMP PWM LVD Temp comp Charge display Price
Morningstar SunGuard pdf pdf 12 4.5 Y N integrated none --
Morningstar SunKeeper-6 pdf pdf 12 6 Y N integrated, opt. remote One LED $63.00 (Solar Panel Store)
Sundaya Apple 5 none none ?? 5 ? Y ? Many LEDs $22.65 (Sundaya)
Phocos CML05-2 none none 12/24 5 Y Y integrated Some LEDs $25.00 (Real Goods)
Steca PR 505 pdf pdf 12 5 Y Y integrated? Three LEDs --

Solar Panels

Single Board Computers

  • Power over ethernet? not supported by TS or Gumstix.
  • Heating and cooling.

Gumstix

  • Bryan

Technologic Systems

  • Colin
Embedded Arm Product Matrix
SBC Type DIO lines A/D Converter Price
TS-7200 ARM 20 8 ch. 12-bit (opt) $149.00
TS-7250 ARM 20 5 ch. 12-bit $149.00
TS-7260 ARM 30 & XDIO* 2 ch. 12-bit $179.00
TS-7300 ARM 55 (35 XDIO) n/a $219.00
TS-7400 ARM 20 4 ch. 8 bit $129.00
TS-5500 x86 38 (IRQ) 8 ch. 8 bit $319.00
  • eXtended Digital I/O functionality including pulse-width modulation, quadrature and edge counting, and pulse timing with IRQ/DRQ support.
  • EP9301 User's Guide referenced in the TS-7260 manual for ADC programming.

TS-DIO64 Digital I/O Board

TS-DIO64 Digital I/O Board, which is a 8-bit PC/104 (standard format) peripheral board that provides 64 digital I/O points (32 inputs plus 32 outputs). Up to 4 TS-DIO64 boards may be installed into a single system, enabling up to 256 DIO points (128 inputs plus 128 outputs). The TS-DIO64 DIO functions are compatible with any PC/104 SBC including all the Technologic Systems ARM and X86 products. Consists of the following parts:

  • 64 Digital I/O points - PC/104 peripheral board $69
  • Optional 512 Kbyte battery-backed SRAM $40
  • Optional 1M battery-backed SRAM $60
  • 34 pin 18" ribbon cable $7

Total cost for all parts: $176

PC/104 GSM Cellular Modem Peripheral Board

PC/104 GSM Cellular Modem Peripheral Board, provides internet access through the GSM cellphone network. Standard baud rates up to 115.2 Kbaud. 230 Kbaud supported in x2 mode. Works with all TS boards. Takes standard SIM card with accompanying cellphone service costs. Optional capacitor for backup of modem memory on reset and startup. Consists of the following parts:

  • Cellular modem peripheral board (modem not included) $79
  • Sony Ericsson GR64 quad band RoHS GSM cellular modem $99
  • Optional Panasonic Gold 10 farad capacitor $8

Total cost for all parts: $186

Reference Material

KECK

TIES



You forgot to uncomment the crontab, didn't you? That's OK. It's not too late to go back and do it.

Retrieved from "https://wiki.cs.earlham.edu/index.php?title=HIP::Keck&oldid=5757"